| Porosity (%) |
18.4 ± 4.4 (ab) |
12.1 ± 3.0 (b) |
25.4 ± 2.6 (a) |
5.7 ± 1.4 (c) |
| Cell volume (mm3) |
0.0045 ± 0.0004 (a) |
0.0030 ± 0.0007 (b) |
0.0052 ± 0.0004 (a) |
0.0023 ± 0.0007 (b) |
| Cell surface/volume (mm2mm−3) |
16.27 ± 0.93 (ab) |
22.0 ± 4.3 (a) |
18.9 ± 1.4 (a) |
12.1 ± 1.6 (b) |
| Equivalent spherical diameter (μm) |
196.6 ± 7.0 (a) |
172 ± 13 (b) |
209.7 ± 3.5 (a) |
159 ± 17 (b) |
| Cell count (mm−3) |
181 ± 20 (b) |
293 ± 82 (ab) |
142 ± 8 (b) |
411 ± 107 (a) |
| Cell elongation (-) |
1.52 ± 0.07 |
1.72 ± 0.18 |
1.54 ± 0.02 |
1.52 ± 0.06 |
| Cell-to-void area (relative to cell surface) (%) |
37.0 ± 4.0 (a) |
34.4 ± 3.7 (ab) |
41.7 ± 4.3 (a) |
21.8 ± 9.9 (b) |
| Void volume (mm3) |
0.0019 ± 0.0008 (b) |
0.0006 ± 0.0004 (c) |
0.0047 ± 0.0003 (a) |
0.00005 ± 0.00001 (c) |
| Void surface/volume (mm2mm−3) |
66 ± 14 (bc) |
104 ± 28 (b) |
50.3 ± 4.1 (c) |
204 ± 18 (a) |
| Void equivalent spherical diameter (μm) |
100 ± 11 (b) |
71 ± 16 (c) |
139 ± 12 (a) |
39.4 ± 1.8 (d) |
| Weighted void count (mm−3) |
77 ± 24 (b) |
220 ± 120 (b) |
28.0 ± 2.5 (b) |
540 ± 190 (a) |
| Void elongation (-) |
2.36 ± 0.46 |
3.23 ± 0.85 |
2.07 ± 0.21 |
2.17 ± 0.14 |
| Void shape factor |
2.032 ± 0.029 (ab) |
2.12 ± 0.15 (ab) |
2.29 ± 0.11 (a) |
1.94 ± 0.15 (b) |
| Branching number |
950 ± 330 (c) |
2410 ± 760 (b) |
570 ± 230 (c) |
5500 ± 3200 (a) |
| Total void path length (mm mm−3) |
28 ± 13 (b) |
84 ± 35 (a) |
13.1 ± 7.5 (b) |
100 ± 32 (a) |
| Void anisotropy (-) |
0.241 ± 0.097 (b) |
0.39 ± 0.13 (ab) |
0.468 ± 0.033 (a) |
0.226 ± 0.072 (b) |
| Fragmentation index (mm−1) |
22.3 ± 7.0 (b) |
44.9 ± 13.9 (b) |
6.5 ± 5.4 (c) |
82.3 ± 8.5 (a) |
| Oxygen diffusion coefficient (10−9m2s−1)a |
1.73 ± 0.5 (b) |
2.73 ± 1.59 (b) |
10.1 ± 5.2 (a) |
0.28 ± 0.15 (c) |
