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Table 2 Experimental design of groups under acid precipitation (a), deicing salt (D) and freeze-thaw (F) stress

From:Physiological effects of the combined stresses of freezing-thawing, acid precipitation and deicing salt on alfalfa seedlings

A-D-F A-F D-F F A-D A D CK
Acid precipitation + + + +
Deicing salt + + + +
Freeze-thaw + + + +
  1. + add stress, − no stress